Au (Gold) is an element with position number 79 in the periodic table.
Located in the VI period. Melting point: 1064.4 ℃. Density: 19.32 g/cm3.
The order of filling the orbitals with electrons in the Au atom is an exception to the rule.
Expected electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d9
But in reality, one electron moves from the 6s orbital to the 5d orbital:
Electronic configuration of the Gold atom in ascending order of orbital energies:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10
Electronic configuration of the Gold atom in ascending order of the levels:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s1
Reduced electronic configuration Au:
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Expected electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d9
But in reality, one electron moves from the 6s orbital to the 5d orbital:
Electronic configuration of the Gold atom in ascending order of orbital energies:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10
Electronic configuration of the Gold atom in ascending order of the levels:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s1
Reduced electronic configuration Au:
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Below is the electronic diagram of the Gold atom
Distribution of electrons over energy levels in the Au atom
1-st level (K): 2
2-st level (L): 8
3-st level (M): 18
4-st level (N): 32
5-st level (O): 18
6-st level (P): 1
1-st level (K): 2
2-st level (L): 8
3-st level (M): 18
4-st level (N): 32
5-st level (O): 18
6-st level (P): 1
Valence electrons of Gold
The number of valence electrons in a Gold atom - 11.
Below are their quantum numbers (N - energy, L - angular momentum, M - magnetic moment, S - spin )
Below are their quantum numbers (N - energy, L - angular momentum, M - magnetic moment, S - spin )
| Orbital | N | L | M | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| s | 6 | 0 | 0 | +1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | -2 | +1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | -1 | +1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | 0 | +1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | 1 | +1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | 2 | +1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | -1 | -1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | 0 | -1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | 1 | -1/2 |
| d | 5 | 2 | 2 | -1/2 |
Oxidation states of Gold: -1, +1, +2, +3, +5
Other elements
Share the information with your friends
Electronic configurations of other elements
Platinum (Pt) electron configurationMercury (Hg) electron configuration
Electronic configuration table
