Electron configuration for Niobium (element 41). Orbital diagram

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Nb (Niobium) is an element with position number 41 in the periodic table. Located in the V period. Melting point: 2468 ℃. Density: 8.58 g/cm³.

The order of filling the orbitals with electrons in the Nb atom is an exception to the rule.
Expected electronic configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d³
But in reality, one electron moves from the 5s orbital to the 4d orbital:

Electronic configuration of the Niobium atom in ascending order of orbital energies:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹ 4d⁴

Electronic configuration of the Niobium atom in ascending order of the levels:
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d⁴ 5s¹

Reduced electronic configuration Nb:
[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹

Below is the electronic diagram of the Niobium atom

Distribution of electrons over energy levels in the Nb atom
1-st level (K): 2
2-st level (L): 8
3-st level (M): 18
4-st level (N): 12
5-st level (O): 1

Distribution of electrons in the Niobium

Valence electrons of Niobium

The number of valence electrons in a Niobium atom - 5.
Below are their quantum numbers (N - energy, L - angular momentum, M - magnetic moment, S - spin )

Orbital	N	L	M	S
s	5	0	0	+1/2
d	4	2	-2	+1/2
d	4	2	-1	+1/2
d	4	2	0	+1/2
d	4	2	1	+1/2

Oxidation states of Niobium: -1, +2, +3, +4, +5

Other elements

Electronic configurations of other elements

Zirconium (Zr) electron configuration
Molybdenum (Mo) electron configuration
Electronic configuration table

Niobium electron configuration

Valence electrons of Niobium

Electronic configurations of other elements