Gd (Gadolinium) is an element with position number 64 in the periodic table.
Located in the VI period. Melting point: 1311 ℃. Density: 7.89 g/cm3.
The order of filling the orbitals with electrons in the Gd atom is an exception to the rule.
Expected electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f8
But in reality, one electron moves from the 4f orbital to the 5d orbital:
Electronic configuration of the Gadolinium atom in ascending order of orbital energies:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1
Electronic configuration of the Gadolinium atom in ascending order of the levels:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2
Reduced electronic configuration Gd:
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Expected electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f8
But in reality, one electron moves from the 4f orbital to the 5d orbital:
Electronic configuration of the Gadolinium atom in ascending order of orbital energies:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1
Electronic configuration of the Gadolinium atom in ascending order of the levels:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f7 5s2 5p6 5d1 6s2
Reduced electronic configuration Gd:
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Below is the electronic diagram of the Gadolinium atom
Distribution of electrons over energy levels in the Gd atom
1-st level (K): 2
2-st level (L): 8
3-st level (M): 18
4-st level (N): 25
5-st level (O): 9
6-st level (P): 2
1-st level (K): 2
2-st level (L): 8
3-st level (M): 18
4-st level (N): 25
5-st level (O): 9
6-st level (P): 2
Oxidation states of Gadolinium: +1, +2, +3
Other elements
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Electronic configurations of other elements
Europium (Eu) electron configurationTerbium (Tb) electron configuration
Electronic configuration table
